What Does It Really Mean to be a ‘Nationalist’?
For many people, the term ‘nationalism’ can be somewhat controversial. We have all seen or heard of news stories, articles and headlines of nations who’ve implemented policies and practices in favour of nationalism, at times even to the detriment of foreign nationals. With tensions around the world as it relates to immigration, political boundaries and terrorism, it’s difficult to disassociate the term nationalism with a degree of fanaticism. This can definitely lead to some confusion around the real meaning of nationalism.
This article will provide an exposition on nationalism, how it is defined, why and when it can become dangerous, and why it can still be seen in a positive light.
What is the Definition of Nationalism?
In order to understand the meaning of nationalism, one must first define it. Merriam-Webster defines it as “loyalty and devotion to a nation; especially: a sense of national consciousness exalting one nation above all others”.
Essentially, nationalism is the feeling of loyalty to one’s nation and a love of one’s country that places it above other nations. Although this definition is rather basic, it is important to note the sentiment of ‘love’ that is found within it. Nationalism should never be confused with xenophobia and bigotry, as those sentiments demonstrate an opposite reaction to foreign nationals or countries.
When Nationalism is Positive
Nationalism can be seen as a positive force when it is based on the belief that one’s nation is superior due to particular characteristics or qualities. There are a variety of ways that a nation can be felt to be superior, such as the sense of freedom found in democracies, the pride of unified cultures, the admiration of important achievements of the past and the promotion of values such as human rights, parity and security.
The development of nationalism in a positive manner can lead to the idea of patriotism — which focuses on the preservation and promotion of the nation’s welfare. This type of nationalism is not based on an “us versus them” mentality and does not delegitimize other nations or citizens.
Examples of Positive Nationalism
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The French Revolution: The resurgence of patriotism by French citizens in 1789 laid the foundation for a group of revolutionaries known as the “patriots,” who sought to bring down the oppressive rule of the monarchy and the Catholic Church and create a nation based on common values of liberty, equality and fraternity.
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National Unity in Germany: After the fall of the Weimar Republic and the rise of Nazi Germany, the citizens of Germany experienced a heightened sense of unity. This sense of national pride was exemplified by the mass public displays of patriotism by the German people, and was celebrated in the national anthem of the time.
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Nationalism in India: After gaining independence from Britain, the citizens of India developed a strong sense of nationalism in their desire to preserve their own culture and identity, and to protect India’s regional and religious minorities.
When Nationalism is Negative
While positive nationalism is based on a sense of national pride and can inspire the people of a nation to work together for a common cause, this notion can be at risk of becoming distorted when extreme measures are taken to suppress the thoughts and opinions of others.
Negative nationalism is characterized by centralizing power, creating exclusive policies and discriminating against foreign nationals. It is rooted in superiority complexes and can be used as a tool of tyranny and oppression.
Examples of Negative Nationalism
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Apartheid in South Africa: This system of racial segregation and oppression established by the Nationalist Party in South Africa lasted from the late 1940s to the early 1990s. People of color were deprived of their civil rights and discriminated against on a daily basis.
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fascism in Italy: Under the rule of Benito Mussolini, the Italian government began to propagate a strong sense of nationalism in order to remove all opposition to the dictatorial rule of the fascist party. This extreme nationalism resulted in oppressive policies and led to a heightened sense of militarism.
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Xenophobia and Bigotry in the United States: The extreme sense of nationalism that has been cultivated in the United States over the past few decades has created a hostile and unwelcoming environment for many foreign nationals and immigrants, making it difficult for them to access education and employment opportunities.
The idea of what it means to be a nationalist is one that is often shrouded in controversy and misinterpretation. It can easily be confused with a sense of xenophobia or bigotry and can lead to feelings of oppression and hostility.
However, to be a nationalist does not mean that one pinpoints any one nation as the best, but rather it is the love of one’s country and the pride in its customs, values and accomplishments. It allows for a sense of identity and patriotism, and bonds individuals to a fellow sense of national unity. Ultimately, nationalism should be based on a shared love and not on a shared hate.
