Romanesque art is a name given to the artistic style predominant in Europe from the 9th to the 12th century. It evolved out of the great period of Barbotine relief, which developed in northern Europe during the 8th century. Romanesque art displays a more sophisticated level of composition than barbotine relief and also saw the emergence of particular building types and architectural ornamentation.
What Is Romanesque Art?
Romanesque art is a term used to describe an artistic style popular across Europe from the 9th to the 12th century. This period is known for its significant advances in religious art, although secular examples of Romanesque art also exist. Generally, Romanesque art was characterized by large-scale, iconic depictions of religious figures with the linear elements of architecture replaced by softer curves. Key features of Romanesque art included an increased two-dimensionality, greater attention to facial expression, and a focus on elaborated ornamentation, especially in architecture.
Characteristics of Romanesque Art
Romanesque art can be easily distinguished from earlier forms of art by its heavy detailing and monumental scale. One of the most striking characteristics of Romanesque architecture is the use of rounded arches. This was in contrast to earlier architectural styles, which made use of pointed or pointed-arch structures. Romanesque art also utilized heavier and thicker stone materials, including a high degree of decoration and intricate carvings. Representational art produced during this time is known for its large-scale and clearly portrayed figures, as well as its lack of linear perspective. Naturalistic elements such as foliage and drapery also appear in Romanesque art.
Examples of Romanesque Art
There are a number of surviving examples of Romanesque art, which can be seen throughout Europe. These include monuments, sculptures, and buildings.
Monumental Statues:
One of the most famous surviving examples of Romanesque sculpture is the monumental equestrian statue of Saint George, created between 1150 and 1200. This impressive example of Romanesque art can be found at the Church of San Giorgio Maggiore in Venice.
Other iconic examples of Romanesque sculpture include the bronze sculpture of Saint Michael, the bronze sculpture of the Crucifixion, and the Buddha of Tavarone, all of which date from between the 10th and 12th centuries.
Buildings:
Some of the most impressive structures of the Romanesque period are the cathedrals and churches that still stand in various European cities. The Duomo in Florence, Italy is one of the most famous examples of Romanesque architecture. Constructed between 1036 and 1093, the cathedral is a perfect example of the Romanesque type. Other examples of Romanesque buildings include the Leaning Tower of Pisa, the baptistery of San Giovanni, and the Abbey of St. Denis, all of which were built between the 9th and 12th centuries.
Romanesque art is a term used to describe the style of art and architecture prevalent in Europe from the 9th to the 12th centuries. Characterized by its heavy detailing, monumental scale and rounded arches, it is easily identifiable and marked a major shift from the linear architectural style of the barbotine relief period. Numerous examples of Romanesque art still survive and these include impressive monuments, sculptures and buildings. However, their longevity is testament to the skill and enthusiasm of Romanesque artists and architects, who have ensured that their work will be appreciated for centuries to come.
