What is the Difference Between the South and the North Pole?
The South and North Poles are the two ends of the Earth, located in the Arctic and Antarctic, respectively. Although both regions are considered to be poles, there are several key differences between them, including environmental characteristics and the availability of land. This article looks at the key differences between the South and North Poles.
Location of the South and North Poles
The South Pole is located in the Antarctic continent, specifically in the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station. The North Pole is located in the Arctic Ocean, and sits on the COGOS Expanding Polynya. The two poles are located around 8,215 kilometers apart.
Geographical Bearing
The South Pole is referred to as the geographic South Pole, while the North Pole is referred to as the geographic North Pole. According to the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS), the geographic South Pole is opposite the geographic North Pole on the Earth’s rotation axis.
Time Zone
Both the South and North Poles are located across three time zones. However, the South Pole is situated entirely in one country, the Antarctic Treaty zone, while the North Pole is located across several nations. The various time zones in these respective locations are assigned to the different countries or according to international treaties.
Climate
The South Pole and the North Pole experience the harshest weather on Earth. The South Pole is colder than the North Pole; the coldest temperatures ever recorded in the Antarctic region was -89.2 °C, while the North Pole’s coldest temperatures are around -45 °C. This is due to the fact that the North Pole is exposed to warm oceanic air from the Arctic Ocean, while the South Pole is surrounded by land masses.
Weather-Related Factors
On the South Pole, the weather is determined by the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, which is a westerly-flowing ocean current. The North Pole, on the other hand, is influenced by the Beaufort High Pressure System which travels eastward, balancing out the Arctic air temperatures and moderating them.
The winter atmosphere at each of the polar regions is determined by prevailing winds that travel in the same direction as the Earth rotates. In the South Pole, the winds travel in a clockwise direction, influencing the areas to the East, while in the North Pole, the winds travel in an anti-clockwise direction, affecting areas to the West.
Direction of Gravity
The direction of gravity at the South Pole is from the geographic North to the geographic South, while the North Pole is the only place on Earth where gravity points from the South to the North.
Land Availability and Exploration
The North Pole is located over the Arctic Ocean and is surrounded on all sides by ice and water. This makes it difficult for permanent terrestrial exploration. By contrast, the South Pole is situated on the continent of Antarctica and is relatively easy to explore. This means that the South Pole is more accessible to researchers and is more suitable for large-scale exploration projects.
Research Stations
At the South Pole, there is a permanent scientific research station maintained by the United States and New Zealand called the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station. The North Pole, meanwhile, has no permanent research station or scientific base. Instead, research is conducted from temporary field camps and by aircraft.
Availability of Resources
The Arctic region has vast reserves of natural resources, including oil and natural gas. This has encouraged several countries to compete for extraction rights in the region. The Antarctic region, on the other hand, is protected by an international treaty and is not open to commercial exploitation. This means that the South Pole is a much more stable region and can support large-scale exploration and research projects.
Tourism
The North Pole is a popular tourist destination for cruise ships and land-based expeditions. The South Pole is also a popular tourist destination, but it is much more challenging to reach than the North Pole. Tourists must fly via charter planes from the United States or from South America countries, or join an expedition ship from New Zealand or Australia.
The North and South Poles are two ends of the Earth, and both have been the subject of immense scientific research. While both regions have extreme weather and similar environmental characteristics, there are also several key differences between them. The two poles have different geographical bearing, time zones, and climate; different weather-related factors, each with its own direction of gravity. Additionally, the South Pole is accessible and open to exploration, while the North Pole is much more difficult to reach. Ultimately, there are essential differences between the two poles, both geographically and in terms of available resources and the ability to access them.